Franklin County · 21.41 square miles
Greenfield
The town record: taxes, homes, schools, water, flood, commute and the market, every figure from a named public source.
LATESTSources checked 2026-08-05 · 60+ named public bodies · each figure above states its own period
The Record in Brief
Greenfield's residential property tax rate is $18.64 per $1,000 of assessed value for fiscal 2026, about $4,963 a year on the town's median single-family home, assessed at $264,600. Rates are set by the town and reported to the Massachusetts Department of Revenue.
The median recorded single-family sale in Greenfield was $305,000 in 2024, across 173 recorded arm's-length deeds, from the Massachusetts standardized assessors' parcel layer published by MassGIS.
Greenfield had a population of 17,768 at the 2020 decennial census, published by the U.S. Census Bureau, up 1.8% on 2010.
The federal flood map for Greenfield has not been digitised, so flood risk here is unmapped rather than absent. Mapping is published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Every figure below states the period it covers and the body that publishes it. Full sourcing: sources and method.
What Does It Cost to Live Here?
$4,963/year in property tax on the median home
At $18.64 per $1,000 of assessed value (fiscal 2026), including the 1% community-preservation surcharge. The tax rate year by year, with the bill history and every town in the county, is on its own page. The full worked figure, mortgage at this week's rate, heating, the lot, is on the cost page, and the calculator takes any price.
Median household income, survey by survey
$53,9615-year estimate ending 2023 · overlapping windows, not annual readings
The average single-family tax bill, FY1988 to FY2026
$6,063FY2026 average · the figure above is the median home, this line is the DLS average
What Does It Cost to Heat?
Most homes here heat with utility gas. A gas main serves at least part of the town. This week's prices and the season maths are on the heating page.
What Kind of Homes Are Here?
7,026 parcels; the median single-family home here was built in 1940, surviving stock, not construction history.8,646 housing units at the 2020 count (8,301 in 2000). 67.1% of occupied homes are owner-occupied.
48.9% of homes here are single-family detached houses, and 44.8% of the housing stock predates 1940 while 4.1% went up in 2010 or later. Survey shares (2023), not counts.
6.1% of Homes Vacant at the Last Count
About 1 in 16 homes here stood empty at the April 2020 count, and 13% of those are seasonal or vacation homes.
≈193 sales a year
About 1 in 37 properties here changes hands in a year (2022–2024 average of recorded arm's-length deeds), at that pace, a property comes up roughly every 37 years. Steady-state arithmetic, not a measured wait, and the count includes land and commercial parcels. The latest complete year's median sale: $305,000 (2024).
New homes permitted, year by year, since 1980
9units permitted in 2025 · permission to build, not completions
Reported construction value in 2025: $1,825K (permit filings, nominal dollars).
Median recorded sale, quarter by quarter
$313,0002024 Q4, on 50 sales · small quarters swing hard
9 new homes were permitted in 2025 (the latest fully-reported year). County-wide, house prices moved up 9.61% in 2025 (Franklin County index, a county figure, not this town's).
What homes actually sold for in Greenfield, quarter by quarter, with the sale count behind every median.
Where Do Kids Go to School?
Schools Through Grade 12
Students here are covered from the early grades through high school by Greenfield (PK–12).
The schools page carries every district serving Greenfield, where the buildings are, and what each district spends per pupil.
The district spends $22,196 per student. That is total spending per pupil, an input the state publishes, not a rating or a ranking of the schools.
Vocational option: Franklin County RVT (grades 9–12), admission has its own application, and member towns differ on transport.
Charter schools whose region includes this town: Four Rivers Charter Public School, Hilltown Cooperative Charter Public School, Pioneer Valley Chinese Immersion Charter School, Pioneer Valley Performing Arts Charter Public School. Eligibility to apply, not a placement, admission is by lottery.
12 school buildings stand in town. Which building a child attends is set by the district, not by the address alone.
- Community and Attainment Transition Program (C.A.) · private
- Discovery School at Four Corners · K, 01, 02, 03, 04 · public elementary
- Federal Street School · K, 01, 02, 03, 04 · public elementary
- Four Rivers Charter Public School · 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12 · charter
- Greater Commonwealth Virtual School · K, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12 · public unknown
- Greenfield Center School · K, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09 · private
- Greenfield High School · 08, 09, 10, 11, 12 · public secondary
- Greenfield Middle School · 05, 06, 07 · public middle
- Newton School · K, 01, 02, 03, 04 · public elementary
- Providence Christian Academy · K, 01, 02, 03, 04 · private
- Stoneleigh Burnham School · 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12 · private
- The Academy of Early Learning at North Parish · PK · public elementary
How's the Internet?
Cable Internet: Comcast
Cable internet serves this town. Franchise areas can stop at village edges, so confirm service at the specific address, not the town line.
91.3% of households here subscribe to broadband, per the Census Bureau's rolling five-year survey, the ground truth against any coverage map.
Water, Sewer, or Septic?
Public water exists here: GREENFIELD WATER DEPARTMENT, service areas have edges, so a specific address may still be on a well. Municipal sewer exists (GREENFIELD DEPARTMENT OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT); beyond its edge, homes are on septic. Bedrock well yield potential in town is rated "average specific yield".
Will It Flood? Anything Nasty Nearby?
Flood Map Unavailable
The federal flood map for this town has not been digitised, so flood risk here is unmapped; that is not the same as absent. Ask the town's building department before relying on any flood answer.
The flood page carries the mapping status, wetlands, dams and cleanup sites for Greenfield, with every town in the county.
10 dams in town. 8 reported release sites appear in the state's cleanup registry. 6 facilities report to the EPA Toxics Release Inventory, industrial sites above federal reporting thresholds, absence of which is not proof of none. Address-level detail, this parcel, this street, is on the address check.
Facilities here reported 65 lbs of TRI-listed chemicals released to air, water and land in 2024, down from a peak of 84,087 lbs in 1990. The most-released over the years has been barium compounds. Self-reported by facilities above federal thresholds, a disclosure record, not a measure of anyone's exposure or risk.
TRI-listed chemical releases here, year by year
65 lbsreported released in 2024 · on- and off-site, self-reported, not an exposure measure
What's the Commute Like?
27.8% of working residents work right here in town. The rest most often head to Northampton, Deerfield, Springfield. The town itself hosts 8,609 jobs.
Where people here work: living near Deerfield (466 already commute, 8 min), living near Bernardston (59 already commute, 12 min), living near Gill (81 already commute, 14 min), living near Sunderland (60 already commute, 18 min), living near Whately (110 already commute, 18 min), living near Northampton (519 already commute, 27 min), living near Springfield (453 already commute, 47 min).
The average commute from here runs 17.8 minutes one way (working residents who leave home for work, 2023 5-year estimate). Walkability, where people live, scores 10.9 out of 20 on the EPA's index (above the national average).
PVTA and BRTA and FRTA runs fixed-route buses here: 70 stops in town, on 9 routes.
What Do Rentals Go For?
$1,866/Month: HUD's Two-Bedroom Standard
HUD's fair-rent standard for a two-bedroom here is $1,866 a month, the figure housing vouchers are built on for the Franklin County, MA, not what landlords ask. It assumes rent plus most utilities, so it is not comparable to an advertised rent that excludes heat.
What tenants here actually pay, survey by survey
$1,097/monthmedian gross rent, 5-year estimate ending 2023 · rent plus utilities, what sitting tenants pay, not asking rents
58.9% of households here fall below 80% of the area's median family income, the federal housing-programme measure of need, not a poverty rate. 14.77% of the town's year-round homes count toward the state's subsidized-housing inventory, at or above the 10% threshold where the state's Chapter 40B override rules change.
58.5% of renters here spend a third or more of their income on housing (33% spend half or more); for owners it is 33.4%. The federal "cost-burdened" line is 30% of income; these are 5-year survey estimates (2023), not a headcount.
What Are the Winters Like?
Winters average 26.5°F, summers 68.7°F, and about 46″ of snow a year
Thirty-year normals (1991–2020), not this year's weather. The year averages 48°F with 49.39″ of precipitation. Readings come from the nearest long-record weather station to each measure, so a hilltown reading a valley station will see less snow here than falls on its own ridges.
Temperature: GREENFIELD #3, MA US (1.1 mi). Snow: SUNDERLAND, MA US (10.2 mi).
Growing or Shrinking?
Population is up 0.4% since 1960. Between 1971 and 1999, about 645 acres were developed. About 37.8% of adults here hold a bachelor's degree or higher (2023 survey). The deep story, the town's oldest surviving houses and what they're built in, is in the Old House Atlas.
People in Greenfield, every published figure
17,6332024 estimate · hover the line for any year
Everything taxable in town, at full value, since 1970
$2.23B2024 equalized valuation, the Commissioner's biennial full-value figure
The town's certified reserves, year by year, since 2003
$4Mcertified free cash as of 1 July 2023 · audited spendable reserves, not a budget
Free cash is what the state certifies a town may actually spend from its reserves once receivables and deficits are taken out. It is the closest public measure of municipal cushion, and it is why one town absorbs a bad winter or a failed roof without an override while its neighbour cannot. This town closed with a certified deficit in 1 of the 21 years reported.
State aid, net of what the state charges back, since 2010
$17Mnet cherry sheet aid, fiscal 2027, the Commonwealth's published estimate for a year not yet settled
The cherry sheet is the Commonwealth's annual notice of what it will send the town and what it will charge back. In fiscal 2027 that is $23M in aid against $6M in assessments, of which $18M of the aid is school aid. It is the half of a town's budget the property tax does not explain, which is why two towns with the same rate can be in very different shape.
Next door different? Put Greenfield beside any of the other 100 towns.
Compare Side by Side →Cite this page: RE413, “Greenfield Town Record,” https://www.re413.com/towns/greenfield-ma/.
From the Desk
RE413 News, on the questions this page answers for Greenfield.
Nearby Towns
The same record for each, with its own residential rate.
Or put two side by side in the Greenfield comparison tool, see what the tax bill would be in every town, or read the state of housing across all 101.
Sources
- Massachusetts DLS Municipal Databank. Tax rates and the bill on the median home (fiscal 2026), the average single-family bill back to FY1988, and the equalized valuation back to 1970, plus certified free cash (the town's audited spendable reserves) back to 2003.
- Massachusetts DLS Cherry Sheets. State aid received and state and county assessments charged, per year from 2010; the newest year is the Commonwealth's published estimate for a fiscal year not yet settled.
- MassGIS standardized parcels. Parcel counts, building ages, lot sizes, and the recorded sales behind the turnover figure and the quarter-by-quarter median.
- U.S. Census Bureau. Population (decennial counts 1960–2020, annual estimates to 2024), housing units, vacancy with its seasonal share, tenure, heating fuels, commute flows, and permitted units per year back to 1980 from the Building Permits Survey.
- PVTA, BRTA and FRTA schedules. Fixed-route bus stops and routes in town; zero means checked against all three and none found.
- EPA National Walkability Index. The population-weighted walkability score, block groups rolled up to the town.
- U.S. Energy Information Administration. This week's heating-oil and propane prices and the state electricity average. Figures through 2026-03-30.
- FHFA house-price index. The county-level annual price change, a county figure, never this town's. Figures through 2025.
- Massachusetts DESE registries. Which districts operate here, their grade spans and tuition arrangements.
- MassGIS PK-12 school locations. The school buildings that physically stand in this town, with the grades each serves and its type. Locations, never ratings.
- DESE Per Pupil Expenditures report. Total per-pupil spending for the town's operating district(s), a published input, not a rating.
- MassGIS utility registry and municipal fibre programmes. Cable franchise, town fibre and the electric utility.
- MassDEP and USGS. Water systems, sewer service and well-yield mapping.
- FEMA flood layer, the Office of Dam Safety and the MassDEP release registry. Flood mapping status, dam hazard classes and cleanup-registry counts.
- EPA Toxics Release Inventory (Envirofacts). The count of active facilities in town that report to the TRI.
- EPA TRI Basic Data Files (1987 to present). Reported pounds of TRI-listed chemicals released on- and off-site per year, the trend line and its peak, placed by facility coordinate.
- HUD and the state subsidized housing inventory. The fair-market rent standard and the Chapter 40B share.
- American Community Survey 5-year estimates. The income and rent lines, one point per survey vintage since 2009; each point pools five years ending in its label.
- American Community Survey, tables B25091 & B25070. The share of owners and renters spending 30%+ and 50%+ of income on housing.
- American Community Survey, tables B08013/B08303, B25034, B15003, B25024. Mean commute time, housing-age and structure-type shares, and the bachelor's-degree share.
- MassGIS land use. Acres developed between the 1971 and 1999 surveys.
- NOAA 1991-2020 U.S. Climate Normals. Winter, summer and annual temperature, snowfall and precipitation, from the nearest reporting station to each measure.
"Figures through" is the period the publisher's data describes; "checked" is only when we last asked. The full sourcing: sources and method.